Xiawanpu Fm
Type Locality and Naming
The naming section is located at Xiawanpu and Shishijiang ~7.5 km southwest of Xiangxiang County, Hunan. Named by H.C. Sce and H.M. Li in 1954.
Lithology and Thickness
The formation is divided into two parts: Lower part is mainly grayish black, yellowish brown and gray mudstone and shale with grayish green or gray mudstone, oil shale and marlstone lenses. Upper part is dark red sandy mudstone and grayish black or grayish green and light yellow or light blue mudstone and shale. The thickness of this formation is about 150–300 m.
Relationships and Distribution
Lower contact
Probably a conformable or disconformable contact with the underlying Tanshi Fm. Stratigraphic column #24 (Hunan) in older China lexicon indicates the Limuping Fm as next older regional unit.
Upper contact
It has an unconformable contact with the overlying Pleistocene Baishajing Fm.
Regional extent
It is mainly distributed at Xiawanpu, Shishijiang, Yutang and Zhujindu.
GeoJSON
Fossils
The biotas of Xiawanpu include the plants Palibinia angustifolia, Cinnamomum and Magnolia, the conchostrans Paraleptestheria menglaensis and the ostracods Candona abrupta and Cyprois, as well as the fishes Osteoecilus hunanensis, O. linliensis, Aoria (=Mystus) lacus, Tungtingichthys hsiawanpuensis and T. gracilis.
According to its characteristics, the fish fauna closely resembles the Eocene fish fauna found in the marly rock series (Mergelshiefer) in central Sumatra, Indonesia, Asia. It is a group of tropical and subtropical fishes. The climatic conditions then were similar to those in the Recent in the area and the annual average rainfall was about 1270 mm and the annual average temperature was about 15°C (H.C. Sce et al., 1954; Wang Jiangke et al., 1981).
Age
Depositional setting
The rocks have well-developed laminations and are typical lacustrine-swampy deposits.
Additional Information